Researchers, companies and funding
Most palmitoylethanolamide trials test a branded product, and most were run or supplied by the company that sells it. That is normal for supplement research. It is also a reason to read the funding line on every study page here. This page names the main groups so the pattern is visible.
Search the database for any name below: search by keyword.
Companies whose products appear in the trials
Epitech Group (Italy). Makes the micronised and ultramicronised forms sold as Normast and, with luteolin, Glialia. The largest share of human trials in this database used an Epitech product: the sciatica trial by Guida 2010, the smell studies by Di Stadio 2022 and Cantone 2024, the long COVID study by Versace 2023, and many of the open-label pain studies. Some papers name Epitech as the product supplier; some list Epitech staff as co-authors. Search: Epitech.
Innovet Italia. Makes veterinary palmitoylethanolamide products. Funded or supplied the dog and cat work by Noli 2019, Abramo 2017, Cerrato 2010 and the earliest cat pilot, Scarampella 2001. Search: Innovet.
Gencor Pacific. Makes Levagen and Levagen+, a dispersion form. Funded the Australian trials run by RDC Clinical: sleep (Rao 2021), knee pain, menstrual pain (Rao 2025), the absorption comparison (Briskey 2020), the exercise studies and the dog and cat joint trial (Briskey 2026). Search: Gencor and Levagen.
Others. Metagenics supplied the four-person osteoarthritis study (Taye 2026). Apex Laboratories funded the PeaNoc XL arthritis trial (Narayanaswam 2023) and several of its executives are authors.
Research groups that appear more than once
- RDC Clinical, Brisbane (Rao, Briskey, Mallard). Contract research for Gencor. Randomised, placebo-controlled designs, mostly 8 weeks, telehealth recruitment across Australia.
- Di Stadio and colleagues, Italy. Smell loss after COVID-19, using Epitech’s PEA-luteolin with olfactory training.
- Bortoletto and colleagues, Udine. Depression and psychiatry, including a 2025 trial and reviews.
- Koch, Assogna, Versace and colleagues, Rome and Vipiteno. Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies of cortical physiology in dementia and long COVID.
- Keppel Hesselink and Kopsky, Netherlands. A neuropathic pain clinic that prescribes palmitoylethanolamide and has published many reviews in its favour.
- Noli, della Rocca and colleagues, Italy. Veterinary dermatology and the small-animal reviews.
- Schouten, Koppo and colleagues, Leuven. Exercise physiology with muscle biopsies.
- Cuzzocrea, Di Paola, Cordaro and colleagues, Messina. Laboratory and animal-model work on mechanism, often with Epitech products.
Independent reviews
The reviews with no company link that this site relies on most are Rankin and Fowler 2020 on basic pharmacology, Gabrielsson 2016 on safety and pharmacokinetics, and the meta-analyses by Artukoglu 2017, Lang-Illievich 2023 and Vina 2025. Each still depends on the trials it pooled, most of which were company supplied.
How to use this page
A company link does not make a result wrong. It raises the value of three checks on the study page: was there a placebo, who was blinded, and was the trial registered before it started. The how to read a study page explains each.